Family meals and food insecurity in Spanish adolescents.

The world is not on track to achieve the goal of food security for the global population by 2030. New approaches to understand individuals' food insecurity are needed, especially insecurity related to children and adolescents, since it is associated with health and psychosocial problems. The study aimed to characterise the family dinners among a representative cohort of schooled adolescents (n = 1017) and their parents (n = 261) in Terrassa (Catalonia, Spain) and how family dinners could be related to household food insecurity. The survey findings revealed that in 2022, 19.2% of the adolescents were experiencing household food insecurity. Adolescents with a lower socioeconomic status and of foreign origin showed the highest likelihood of experiencing household food insecurity. Household food security was also associated with some characteristics of family dinners, such as better quality and a higher frequency (seven or more dinners eaten together per week). Based on this finding, possible ways in which family dinners could offer a beneficial effect, alleviating the consequences of food insecurity in adolescents, are discussed. In line with the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goal of guaranteeing food security, the promotion of family dinners and their quality, frequency, and duration to leverage the beneficial effect in states of household food insecurity in Spanish adolescents should be taken into account to design actions and public campaigns in Spain.

Optimization of Multi-Generation Multi-location Genomic Prediction Models for Recurrent Genomic Selection in an Upland Rice Population.

Genomic selection is a worthy breeding method to improve genetic gain in recurrent selection breeding schemes. The integration of multi-generation and multi-location information could significantly improve genomic prediction models in the context of shuttle breeding. The Cirad-CIAT upland rice breeding program applies recurrent genomic selection and seeks to optimize the scheme to increase genetic gain while reducing phenotyping efforts. We used a synthetic population (PCT27) of which S0 plants were all genotyped and advanced by selfing and bulk seed harvest to the S0:2, S0:3, and S0:4 generations. The PCT27 was then divided into two sets. The S0:2 and S0:3 progenies for PCT27A and the S0:4 progenies for PCT27B were phenotyped in two locations: Santa Rosa the target selection location, within the upland rice growing area, and Palmira, the surrogate location, far from the upland rice growing area but easier for experimentation. While the calibration used either one of the two sets phenotyped in one or two locations, the validation population was only the PCT27B phenotyped in Santa Rosa. Five scenarios of genomic prediction and 24 models were performed and compared. Training the prediction model with the PCT27B phenotyped in Santa Rosa resulted in predictive abilities ranging from 0.19 for grain zinc concentration to 0.30 for grain yield. Expanding the training set with the inclusion of the PCT27A resulted in greater predictive abilities for all traits but grain yield, with increases from 5% for plant height to 61% for grain zinc concentration. Models with the PCT27B phenotyped in two locations resulted in higher prediction accuracy when the models assumed no genotype-by-environment (G × E) interaction for flowering (0.38) and grain zinc concentration (0.27). For plant height, the model assuming a single G × E variance provided higher accuracy (0.28). The gain in predictive ability for grain yield was the greatest (0.25) when environment-specific variance deviation effect for G × E was considered. While the best scenario was specific to each trait, the results indicated that the gain in predictive ability provided by the multi-location and multi-generation calibration was low. Yet, this approach could lead to increased selection intensity, acceleration of the breeding cycle, and a sizable economic advantage for the program.

Outcomes and complications of hospitalised patients with HIV-TB co-infection.

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis is one of the most common causes of hospitalisation in patients with HIV. Despite this, hospital outcomes of patients with this co-infection have rarely been described since antiretroviral therapy became widely available. METHODS: Prospective cohort study of HIV-infected adult patients hospitalised with TB in six referral hospitals in Medellin, Colombia, from August 2014 to July 2015. RESULTS: Among 128 HIV-infected patients hospitalised with tuberculosis, the mean age was 38.4 years; 79.7% were men. HIV was diagnosed on admission in 28.9% of patients. The median CD4 + T-cell count was 125 (±158 SD) cells/µL. Only 47.3% of patients with a known diagnosis of HIV upon admission were on antiretroviral therapy, and only 11.1% had a tuberculin skin test in the previous year. Drug toxicity due to tuberculosis medications occurred in 11.7% of patients. Mean length of stay was 23.2 days, and 10.7% of patients were readmitted. Mortality was 5.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Hospital mortality attributable to tuberculosis in patients with HIV is low in reference hospitals in Colombia. Cases of tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients occur mainly in patients with advanced HIV, or not on antiretroviral therapy, despite a known diagnosis of HIV. Only one of every 10 patients in this cohort had active screening for latent tuberculosis, possibly reflecting missed treatment opportunities.

CONTEXTE: La tuberculose (TB) est l'une des causes les plus courantes d'hospitalisation chez les patients VIH positifs. Malgré cela, les résultats hospitaliers des patients atteints de cette coinfection ont rarement été décrits depuis que le traitement antirétroviral est devenu largement disponible. MÉTHODES: Etude de cohorte prospective de patients adultes infectés par le VIH hospitalisés pour TB dans six hôpitaux de référence à Medellin, en Colombie, d'août 2014 à juillet 2015. RÉSULTATS: Sur 128 patients infectés par le VIH hospitalisés pour TB, l'âge moyen était de 38,4 ans; 79,7% étaient des hommes. Le VIH a été diagnostiqué à l'admission chez 28,9% des patients. Le nombre médian de lymphocytes T CD4+ était de 125 (±158 SD) cellules/µL. Seuls 47,3% des patients dont le diagnostic de VIH était connu lors de leur admission étaient sous traitement antirétroviral et 11,1% seulement avaient subi un test cutané à la tuberculine l'année précédente. Une toxicité médicamenteuse due aux médicaments antituberculeux est survenue chez 11,7% des patients. La durée moyenne de séjour était de 23,2 jours et 10,7% des patients ont été réadmis. La mortalité était de 5,5%. CONCLUSIONS: La mortalité hospitalière attribuable à la TB chez les patients VIH positifs est faible dans les hôpitaux de référence en Colombie. Les cas de TB chez les patients infectés par le VIH surviennent principalement chez les patients à un stade avancé du VIH, ou qui ne sont pas sous traitement antirétroviral, malgré un diagnostic connu de VIH. Seul un patient sur 10 de cette cohorte a subi un dépistage actif de la TB latente, ce qui reflète peut-être des opportunités de traitement manquées.

Eutrophication in a semi-desert coastal ecosystem promotes increases in N and C isotopic signatures and changes in primary sources.

Using C and N isotopic signatures of food web components, we evaluated the land-marine coupling through nutrient flows and the likely changes in the food web structure in tidal channels with contrasting anthropogenic nutrient inputs at a semi desert-macrotidal coastal system (northern Argentine Patagonia). The results showed an increase in the δ13C signatures of primary producers and in the δ15N signatures in all levels of the benthic food web, from primary producers to predators, with possible changes in the relative contribution of primary food sources for consumer in the tidal channel with high anthropogenic N input. This is an example on the extent of the distribution of anthropogenic N into natural systems, flowing through the food web from terrestrial origin to coastal marine components.

Ensino de repertórios requisitos e os efeitos sobre comportamentos incompatíveis com aprendizagem em crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista / The teaching of repertoires and its effects on behavior incompatible with learning in children with on the Autism Spectrum Disorder / Enseñanza de repertorios requisitos y los efectos sobre comportamientos incompatibles con el aprendizaje en niños con Trastorno del Espectro Autista

Pessoas com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) podem apresentar déficits significativos no repertório básico requisito para receber programas de ensino e se engajar com frequência em comportamentos repetitivos e inadequados. Considerando-se que tais comportamentos são incompatíveis com o ensino e resultam em consequências negativas, sejam sociais e/ou acadêmicas, esta pesquisa teve por objetivo ensinar sistematicamente operantes requisitos, como sentar, permanecer sentado, olhar, imitar, imitação generalizada e rastreamento visual para duas crianças com TEA, e verificar o efeito do procedimento sobre os comportamentos inadequados e estereotipias. Os resultados demonstraram que um participante aprendeu todos os comportamentos alvo de ensino enquanto o outro não atingiu o critério de aprendizagem em imitação. Houve redução dos comportamentos incompatíveis com a aprendizagem, logo após a introdução das contingências para os comportamentos de ensino, para ambos. Os resultados demonstram a aquisição de repertórios requisitos importantes em crianças com TEA severo e demonstram que a redução de comportamentos incompatíveis com aprendizagem pode ocorrer mediante ensino de comportamentos desejados.

People with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) may have significant deficits in basic repertoire to accept teaching programs and may engage frequently in repetitive and inappropriate behaviors. Considering that such behavior is incompatible with learning and results in negative consequences, whether social and/or academic, this study aimed to systematically teach operational requirements such as sit, stay seated, look, imitation, generalized imitation and visual tracking to two children with ASD, and check the effect of the procedure on the inappropriate and stereotypical behavior. The results demonstrated that one participant learned all the target behavior that was taught whilst the other participant did not reach the learning criterion in imitation. There was a reduction of behavior incompatible with learning after the introduction of the contingencies for teaching behaviors for both. The results demonstrate the acquisition of important repertoire requirements in children with severe ASD and show that the rebate of incompatible behavior with learning is possible through the teaching of desired behaviors.

Las personas con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) pueden presentar déficit significativo en el repertorio básico necesario para recibir programas de aprendizaje formal, presentando con frecuencia comportamientos repetitivos e inadecuados. Considerando que tales comportamientos son incompatibles con el sistema formal de educación, trayendo consecuencias negativas, ya sean sociales e/o académicas. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo enseñar sistemáticamente operantes requisitos, como sentarse, permanecer sentado, mirar, imitar, imitación generalizada y rastreo visual para dos niños con TEA, y verificar el efecto del procedimiento sobre los comportamientos inadecuados y estereotipias. Los resultados demostraron que uno de los participantes aprendió todos los comportamientos propuestos mientras que el otro no alcanzó el criterio de aprendizaje en el quesito imitación. En ambos participantes hubo una reducción de los comportamientos incompatibles con el aprendizaje después de la introducción de las contingencias para los comportamientos enseñados. Los resultados demuestran la adquisición de repertorios necesarios en niños con TEA grave y demuestran que la reducción de comportamientos incompatibles con el aprendizaje puede ocurrir mediante la enseñanza de comportamientos deseados.

Bombas de insulina en diabetes tipo 2, del fundamento a la práctica / Pumps in Type 2 diabetes, from basics to practice

Resumen Las bombas de insulina han sido usadas por más de 35 años, principalmente en pacientes con diabetes tipo 1 y en menor medida en diabetes tipo 2. En esta última población hay una liberación más funcional de insulina, se puede prevenir el fenómeno de alba y mantener por más tiempo los niveles adecuados de glucemia. Las indicaciones de bomba en diabetes tipo 2 son poco claras, pero los que tal vez más se benefician son aquellos con historia de mal control metabólico, hipoglucemias severas o asintomáticas. El uso de esta tecnología durante la hospitalización ha sido difícil, principalmente por el desconocimiento del personal de salud en su uso; no obstante, se ha demostrado que es factible mantener a los pacientes en esta terapia mientras están hospitalizados, siempre y cuando se tenga un adecuado protocolo, disposición del personal y educación del paciente. El costo ha sido una de las cuestiones más controversiales con el uso de estos sistemas. Los análisis de costo-efectividad han encontrado una disminución del número de hipoglucemiantes orales, las visitas a urgencias y las dosis de insulina, llegando algunos a aseverar que en tres años podrían compensarse los costos.

Abstract Insulin pumps have been used for over 35 years, mostly in patients with type 1 diabetes and to a lesser extent in type 2 diabetes. The use of pumps in this population is supported by a more physiological release of insulin, prevention of the dawn phenomenon and enabling patients to achieve better glucose targets. Pump indications in type 2 diabetes are less clear than in patients with type 1, but perhaps those who benefit most, are patients with a history of significant glycemic excursions, severe or asymptomatic hypoglycemia. Pump management as inpatient has been limited by lack of personal knowledge, however it has been reported that it is feasible to keep patients who are using this technology to continue it while they are in the hospital provided that a suitable protocol has been standardized and the patient has enough knowledge. Costs have been one of the most controversial issues with the use of these technology, cost-effectiveness analysis have found that there is a decrease in the number of oral agents, emergency room visits and insulin doses, reaching some studies to conclude that three years could offset the pump cost.

Cardiovascular involvement and manifestations of systemic Chikungunya virus infection: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: In the last three years, chikungunya virus disease has been spreading, affecting particularly the Americas, producing more than two million cases. In this setting, not only new disease-related epidemiological patterns have been found, but also new clinical findings have been reported by different research groups. These include findings on the cardiovascular system, including clinical, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic alterations. METHODS: We performed a systematic review looking for reports about cardiovascular compromise during chikungunya disease. Cardiac compromise is not so common in isolated episodes; but countries where chikungunya virus is an epidemic should be well informed about this condition. We used 6 bibliographical databases as resources: Medline/Pubmed, Embase, ScienceDirect, ClinicalKey, Ovid and SciELO. Dengue reports on cardiovascular affectation were included as well, to compare both arbovirus' organic affectations. Articles that delved mainly into the rheumatic articular and cutaneous complications were not considered, as they were not in line with the purpose of this study. The type of articles included were reviews, meta-analyses, case-controls, cohort studies, case reports and case series. RESULTS: Originally based on 737 articles, our reviewed selected 40 articles with 54.2% at least mentioning CHIKV cardiovascular compromise within the systemic affectation. Cardiovascular manifestations can be considered common and have been reported in France, India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Colombia, Venezuela and USA, including mainly, but no limited to: hypotension, shock and circulatory collapse, Raynaud phenomenon, arrhythmias, murmurs, myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, congestive insufficiency, heart failure and altered function profile (Troponins, CPK). CONCLUSIONS: Physicians should be encouraged to keep divulgating reports on the cardiovascular involvement of chikungunya virus disease, to raise awareness and ultimately encourage suitable diagnosis and intervention worldwide.

Agenesis of the medial gastrocnemius and plantar muscle: case presentation / Agenesia del gastrocnemio medial y del músculo plantar: presentación de caso

We present the case of a left medial gastrocnemius and plantar muscle agenesis in a 58-years old male cadaveric specimen from the Anatomy Laboratory at the Universidad Industrial de Santander (Bucaramanga-Colombia). These unusual muscle absences and associated functional alterations, enrich anatomical knowledge and become important by the time the affected individual may need a reconstructive procedure.

Se presenta un caso de agenesia de los músculos gastrocnemio medial y plantar izquierdos en un espécimen cadavérico masculino de 58 años, del laboratorio de anatomía de la Universidad Industrial de Santander (Bucaramanga- Colombia). Estas raras ausencias musculares enriquecen el conocimiento anatómico con sus alteraciones funcionales concomitantes y permiten postular los posibles procedimientos reconstructivos requeridos en los individuos que las presentan.

Targeted and Untargeted Approaches Unravel Novel Candidate Genes and Diagnostic SNPs for Quantitative Resistance of the Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to Phytophthora infestans Causing the Late Blight Disease.

The oomycete Phytophthora infestans causes late blight of potato, which can completely destroy the crop. Therefore, for the past 160 years, late blight has been the most important potato disease worldwide. The identification of cultivars with high and durable field resistance to P. infestans is an objective of most potato breeding programs. This type of resistance is polygenic and therefore quantitative. Its evaluation requires multi-year and location trials. Furthermore, quantitative resistance to late blight correlates with late plant maturity, a negative agricultural trait. Knowledge of the molecular genetic basis of quantitative resistance to late blight not compromised by late maturity is very limited. It is however essential for developing diagnostic DNA markers that facilitate the efficient combination of superior resistance alleles in improved cultivars. We used association genetics in a population of 184 tetraploid potato cultivars in order to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with maturity corrected resistance (MCR) to late blight. The population was genotyped for almost 9000 SNPs from three different sources. The first source was candidate genes specifically selected for their function in the jasmonate pathway. The second source was novel candidate genes selected based on comparative transcript profiling (RNA-Seq) of groups of genotypes with contrasting levels of quantitative resistance to P. infestans. The third source was the first generation 8.3k SolCAP SNP genotyping array available in potato for genome wide association studies (GWAS). Twenty seven SNPs from all three sources showed robust association with MCR. Some of those were located in genes that are strong candidates for directly controlling quantitative resistance, based on functional annotation. Most important were: a lipoxygenase (jasmonate pathway), a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (mevalonate pathway), a P450 protein (terpene biosynthesis), a transcription factor and a homolog of a major gene for resistance to P. infestans from the wild potato species Solanum venturii. The candidate gene approach and GWAS complemented each other as they identified different genes. The results of this study provide new insight in the molecular genetic basis of quantitative resistance in potato and a toolbox of diagnostic SNP markers for breeding applications.

Neumonía y neumotórax espontáneo por tuberculosis / Pneumonia and spontaneous pneumothorax due to tuberculosis

La neumonía por tuberculosis es un diagnóstico difícil de hacer, dado que no es considerado un germen común y su presentación clínica suele ser más subaguda o crónica, no obstante en el trabajo realizado por Vélez et al, en la ciudad de Medellín, se encontró que hasta 2.9% de las neumonías estudiadas fueron por tuberculosis, lo cual no es un porcentaje despreciable. A continuación presentamos dos casos de neumonía por tuberculosis de difícil diagnóstico, llamativos dada la evolución y presentación inusual y con los cuales queremos nuevamente llamar la atención como diagnóstico diferencial en pacientes que no responden al tratamiento de neumonía. (Acta Med Colomb 2016; 41: 62-66).

Tuberculosis pneumonia is difficult to diagnose, since it is not considered a common germ and its clinical presentation is often more subacute or chronic; however, in the work of Vélez et al. in the city of Medellin, it was found that up to 2.9% of pneumonias studied were caused by tuberculosis which is not a negligible percentage. Two cases of tuberculosis pneumonia difficult to diagnose are presented, which are striking given the evolution and unusual presentation and with which we again call attention as a differential diagnosis in patients who do not respond to treatment of pneumonia. (Acta Med Colomb 2016; 41: 62-66).

Teratoma retroperitoneal en niños: revisión del tema a propósito de un caso / Retroperitoneal teratoma in children: Report of a case and review of the literature

Los teratomas retroperitoneales constituyen el 3% del total de tumores en la población pediátrica. Sin embargo, en Colombia no existe un registro que soporte esta cifra, ni consenso sobre su diagnóstico, tratamiento y pronóstico. Se presenta un caso en una recién nacida en la ciudad de Bucaramanga, Colombia, diagnosticado por imágenes y tratado quirúrgicamente. Se revisa la literatura al respecto incluyendo los aspectos generales, el diagnóstico diferencial, las características histológicas y el tratamiento, con el fin de orientar al médico para que considere esta posibilidad diagnóstica.

Retroperitoneal teratomas constitute 3% of all pediatric tumors. However, no information is available in Colombia to support this frequency, and there is no consensus on the diagnosis, management and prognosis of this tumor. We report a case in a newborn girl in Bucaramanga, Colombia, diagnosed by means of imaginological studies and treated by surgery. We review the literature, considering general aspects, differential diagnosis, histological features and management, in order to guide physicians to consider this diagnostic possibility.

Exploración inicial de los valores de tensión arterial y factores de riesgo asociados a hipertensión arterial en estudiantes de la Universidad de Manizales, Colombia en el 2009 / Measurement of blood pressure and risk factors associated with high blood pressure in the students of la Universidad de Manizales, Colombia, in 2009

Introducción. La hipertensión arterial se define como un aumento en la presión arterial, con elevaciones sobre las presiones arteriales sistólica y diastólica. El presente estudio se plantea para determinar las cifras de presión arterial y frecuencia de algunos factores de riesgo en estudiantes de la Universidad de Manizales. Materiales y Métodos. De los 2916 estudiantes de horario diurno de la Universidad de Manizales (Caldas, Colombia) para el primer semestre de 2009 fueron seleccionados 258 estudiantes, con el objetivo de participar en el estudio, tenían edades comprendidas entre 16 y 41 años, con un promedio de 20 años. Se empleó un instrumento previamente diseñado para recoger información sobre factores de riesgo para hipertensión arterial y datos como tensión arterial, altura, peso, estrato social y otros. Resultados. Se encontró que 45,7% de los estudiantes tenían cifras tensionales en rango de prehipertensión y 5% en rango de hipertensión estadio I. Se encontró un índice de 27,1% de obesidad abdominal y un 18,6% de sobrepeso. Los resultados no mostraron significancia estadística con relación a los factores de riesgo para hipertensión arterial. Se encontró una relación importante entre la facultad y los niveles de tensión arterial. Conclusiones. Este estudio encuentra que la población está expuesta a uno o varios factores de riesgo tales como consumo de alcohol, tabaquismo, falta de actividad física y cifras tensiónales en niveles de prehipertensión e hipertensión grado 1; surge la necesidad de implantar programas educativos encaminados a la modificación de hábitos no saludables.

Introduction: High blood pressure is defined as an increase in blood pressure, with elevations on systolic and diastolic blood pressures. The purpose of the present study was to determine the blood pressure values and the present of some risk factors for hypertension in the student population of the Universidad de Manizales. Materials and Methods: Of the 2916 daytime students at the University of Manizales (Caldas, Colombia) in the first semester of 2009, 258 students were chosen to participate. The age range was between 16 and 41 years with an average of 20 years. A previously designed survey was used in order to collect information about risk factors for high blood pressure, and data such as blood pressure, height, weight, social stratum and other risk factors. Results: A frequency of 45.7% of blood pressure at the level of pre-hypertension was found, and 5% of at the level of type 1 HBP, this didn’t mean that these students actually suffered of HBP. Abdominal obesity was found in 27.1% and overweight in 18.6%. The results didn’t show statistic significance in relation to the risk factors of HBP. A significant relation was determined between the faculty and the levels of blood pressure. Conclusions: By stating that this population is exposed to one or more risk factors such as alcohol consumption, tabaquism, physical inactivity, and levels of pre-hypertension and hypertension grade 1; arises the necessity of promoting educational programs aimed at changing unhealthy habits, and possibly establish a program of prevention and health promotion in order to improve academic performance, and improve the life expectancy of students.

Competencias académicas y profesionales del psicólogo / The psychologist academic and professional competences

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo identificar cuáles son las competencias académicas y profesionales de los estudiantes y egresados de Psicología de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali. Participaron 98 estudiantes matriculados en el programa académico de Psicología, que cursaban entre séptimo y décimo semestre; además, se contó con 21 psicólogos egresados de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Cali. Se lograron identificar, a partir de los resultados, los niveles de autopercepción en las competencias de estudiantes y egresados a partir de los campos de acción como Clínica, Educativa, Organizacional, Investigación, Evaluación Psicológica y otras áreas. Se concluyó que la competencia de mayor relevancia tanto en estudiantes como egresados está en el área Organizacional, por la elección del campo de formación y el área de desempeño actual.

The aim of this study is to identify what are the academic and professional competences of psychology students and graduates of the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana of Cali city. The sample was 98 seventh and eighth college semester students of the psychology program and 21 graduates from the same program. The results show that the levels of self perception of competences of students and graduates were identified concerning areas such as clinical, educational, and organizational psychology, research, assessment in psychology and others. It is conclude that the more relevant competence, for students and graduates, is in the organizational area, because of the selection of the training field and the actual area of performance.